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INTEL
PIG BUTCHERING: now the #1 loss category in the US by estimated volume / HUSHPUPPI: the Instagram that became the evidence -- Case 001 open / BEC: one spoofed email, one wire, seven figures -- see the methodology / ROSS ULBRICHT: full pardon January 21 2025 after 11+ years -- Case 013 open / ALL FIGURES LABELED: estimate vs conviction vs market collapse -- see Methodology / UNODC 2023: $5.4B estimated annually from SE Asia pig-butchering compounds [UNVERIFIED] / PIG BUTCHERING: now the #1 loss category in the US by estimated volume / HUSHPUPPI: the Instagram that became the evidence -- Case 001 open / BEC: one spoofed email, one wire, seven figures -- see the methodology / ROSS ULBRICHT: full pardon January 21 2025 after 11+ years -- Case 013 open / ALL FIGURES LABELED: estimate vs conviction vs market collapse -- see Methodology / UNODC 2023: $5.4B estimated annually from SE Asia pig-butchering compounds [UNVERIFIED]
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INDIA

#10 WCI / #4 Sumsub
CAPITAL New Delhi · POPULATION 1,438M (2023, UN WPP 2024)
FRAUD TYPES
Call center scams, tech support fraud, UPI fraud, digital financial fraud
KEY FACTS
Cybersecurity incidents: 10.29 lakh (2022) → 22.68 lakh (2024). Call-centre industry targeting the US, UK and Australia.
REPORT FRAUD IN INDIA2▸
2 agencies you can contact. Tap one for how to reach it and what to have ready.
NCRNational Cyber Crime Reporting Portal▸
NATIONAL · CYBER / CRYPTO
EDEnforcement Directorate▸
NATIONAL · FINANCIAL / AML
BORN HERE▸
Nobody in our case files was born in India yet.
OPERATED HERE1▸
Physically based or working in India — lived, ran an office, met victims or was stationed here, per the record. Hacking a target here does not count.
India
#95Fred AjuduaAdvance-Fee / Bank Fraud$1.04M
WHAT THEY DID HERE, AND WHEN
Feb 2005Granted bail for medical treatment here; the EFCC later says he absconded.SOURCE: Wikipedia (Nigerian press)
OUR CASES BY CATEGORY▸
Share of the 1 case tied to India (born or operated here)
BANK & WIRE
100%
FRAUD METHODS TIED HERE5▸
From the Global Fraud Encyclopedia and the cases above. Tap a method for its page.
#21 Advance Fee Fraud (419 Scam)used in our cases ▸#27 Impersonation Scam (Government)Encyclopedia ▸#28 Tech Support ScamEncyclopedia ▸#53 Vishing (Voice Phishing)Encyclopedia ▸#72 Debt Collection ScamEncyclopedia ▸
KNOWN FOR▸
Investment and trading-app scams'Digital arrest' impersonation scamsTech-support call-centre scams targeting foreignersBank loan fraudSextortion
THE PICTURE▸

India faces fast-growing cyber fraud at home: the Home Ministry says Indians reported losses of Rs22,495 crore (~$2.6bn) to cyber fraud in 2025 from 2.8 million complaints, three-quarters of it to investment scams, with 'digital arrest' impersonation scams also rising (MHA via ThePrint, Feb 2026). Illegal call centres in India also run tech-support and government-impersonation scams against people in the US and elsewhere; the CBI's Operation Chakra has worked with the FBI against these networks, including a Noida ring accused of defrauding more than 600 Americans (Dec 2025). Large bank frauds remain a separate problem: Nirav Modi and Mehul Choksi are accused over the roughly Rs13,000-14,000 crore Punjab National Bank fraud and are fighting extradition from the UK and Belgium (AIR, 2025-2026). Enforcement runs through the Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre (I4C), the 1930 helpline, state cyber police, the CBI and the Enforcement Directorate.

TOP FRAUDSTERS FROM HERE4▸
Nirav Modi CHARGEDREPORT PENDING
Rs14,000 crore (~$2bn; alleged bank fraud) · 2011–2018
Diamond merchant accused of the Punjab National Bank fraud using fake letters of undertaking; lost his final European Court of Human Rights challenge to extradition from the UK in July 2026.
SOURCE: The Week, 6 Jul 2026
Mehul Choksi CHARGEDREPORT PENDING
Rs13,000 crore (alleged PNB fraud, joint case) · 2011–2018
Jeweller and Nirav Modi's uncle, co-accused in the PNB fraud; arrested in Belgium in 2025 and cleared for extradition by Belgian courts.
SOURCE: All India Radio, 18 Oct and 10 Dec 2025
Vijay Mallya FUGITIVEREPORT PENDING
Rs9,000 crore (loans owed to 17 banks) · 2004–2016
Former Kingfisher Airlines owner accused of fraud and money laundering over bank loans; declared a fugitive economic offender in 2019 and living in the UK.
SOURCE: Business Standard, 2025
B. Ramalinga Raju CONVICTEDREPORT PENDING
Rs7,000 crore+ (~$1bn; accounting fraud he admitted) · 2001–2008
Satyam Computer Services founder who confessed in 2009 to inflating profits and cash for years; convicted with nine others in 2015.
SOURCE: Hyderabad special court verdict via Reuters/BBC, Apr 2015
FRAUD BY CATEGORY▸
share of reported cyber fraud losses (amount lost) · 2025
Investment fraud
76%
Other frauds
11%
Digital arrest scams
9%
Sextortion
4%
SOURCE: Ministry of Home Affairs / I4C data, reported by ThePrint, 21 Feb 2026
KEY NUMBERS▸
Rs22,495 crore Losses reported to cyber fraud in 2025 (Rs22,845 crore in 2024) (MHA / I4C via ThePrint, Feb 2026)
2.8M Cyber fraud complaints in 2025, up from 2.27M in 2024 (MHA / I4C via ThePrint, Feb 2026)
Rs36,014 crore Value of bank frauds reported in FY2024-25 (23,953 cases) (RBI Annual Report 2024-25, May 2025)
WHO FIGHTS IT▸
Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre (I4C, MHA), the National Cybercrime Reporting Portal and 1930 helpline, with the Citizen Financial Cyber Fraud Reporting and Management System to block funds.
CBI Operation Chakra with the FBI and other partners against call-centre fraud, e.g. Noida network busted Dec 2025.
Fugitive Economic Offenders Act 2018 (used against Mallya and Nirav Modi); Enforcement Directorate money-laundering cases under PMLA.
SOURCES▸
ThePrint, 21 Feb 2026 (MHA data)
RBI Annual Report 2024-25 (via Millennium Post / Business Standard)
APAC News Network / The420.in, Dec 2025 (Operation Chakra)
All India Radio, Oct-Dec 2025
The Week, 6 Jul 2026
Business Standard, 2025
Case lists and figures compiled September 2026 from court records, regulators and major press; statuses change. Series reports above are fact-checked case files.
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